<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Hey Eric,<div><br></div><div>I am not sure I understand your point against the bootstrap. My main source of information about robust statistics is <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; ">Wilcox, R. R.<span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> (2005). </span><i>Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing</i><span style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"> (2nd Ed. ed.): Academic Press. </span></span></div><div>In this book, Wilcox makes an extensive use of the bootstrap technique. The validation of the technique, when it has been performed, relies on Monte-Carlo simulations. Also, over almost 600 pages, Wilcox spends only one page on permutations, basically saying that it is a special case of the bootstrap and that there is no particular reason to use it.</div><div>Do you have references showing validation tests with a direct comparison of bootstrap and permutation? My understanding is that such comparisons do not exist for EEG/MEG data.</div><div>Also, one must keep in mind that bootstrap is particularly efficient when applied to robust measures of central tendency, like trimmed means and M-estimators, see my recent EEG paper for instance (<a href="http://www.journalofvision.org/8/12/3/">http://www.journalofvision.org/8/12/3/</a>).</div><div>Finally, Wilcox provides a large number of recipes to test significance of linear regression results, that could be applied to the problem outlined earlier about the hypothesis test against zero.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>GAR</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><div>On 20 Oct 2008, at 15:02, Eric Maris wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div>Dear Fieldtrip-list-readers,<br><br><br><blockquote type="cite">What about performing a nonparametric test, based on the bootstrap<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">distribution of the beta weights under the null-hypothesis?<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">This problem sounds similar to one I came across recently (and which<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">I still have to write something about on fieldtrip's wiki-page (sorry<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Eric)), which has to do with the testing of the significance of the F-<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">value for interaction in a 2x2 repeated measure anova. Also in this<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">case, one also wants to test a parametric null-hypothesis, as Eric<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">phrased it in his last e-mail. One way to test this (I don't have the<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">reference at hand), is to test the observed F-statistic against a<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">null-distribution, obtained from bootstrapping your data, which you<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">preconditioned as to impose the null-hypothesis (in the case of an<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">anova it would be to remove from each of the observations the mean of<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">the cell to which the observation belongs). I don't know yet how to<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">impose the null-hypothesis in the regression case, but would this<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">line of thought be a possibility?<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">As to a potential implementation: Robert and I are pretty close to<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">have the bootstrapping implemented.<br></blockquote><br>Again, I can only try to clarify some points here. I will not be able to<br>offer a solution for your problems.<br><br>1. Contrary to the permutation test, there is no useful statistical theory<br>for statistical tests based on the bootstrap distribution. By "useful", I<br>mean a theory that allows one to specify a scientifically interesting null<br>hypothesis (such as, "An expected value equal to 0") under which the false<br>alarm rate of a boostrap-p-value-based test can be controlled.<br><br>2. The bootstrap distribution has a nice intuitive appeal, because the<br>procedure to generate it (sampling with replacement) mimicks the sampling<br>process behind the sampling distribution (which is the ultimate "thing to<br>get" if you want to quantify the reliability of some quantity). But that is<br>not a proof of false alarm rate control!<br><br>3. I think the bootstrap distribution can be useful in situations where<br>parametric statistical tests do not exists, but I know of no rigourous<br>statistical argument to substantiate this claim. <br><br><br>Greetings,<br><br>Eric Maris<br><br><br><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Yours,<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">Jan-Mathijs<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">On Oct 20, 2008, at 11:05 AM, Vladimir Litvak wrote:<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Dear Floris and Eric,<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Parametric tests at scalp level taking into account spatial<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">relationship between sensors can be done in SPM (with RFT correction).<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">That'll require using some low-level functions to convert<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">coefficients to images but in principle shouldn't be that difficult.<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Best,<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Vladimir<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">On Mon, Oct 20, 2008 at 10:17 AM, Eric Maris<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><<a href="mailto:e.maris@donders.ru.nl">e.maris@donders.ru.nl</a>> wrote:<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Dear Floris,<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">I have a question about statistical analysis on the sensor level.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">I would like to make use of the cluster size thresholding of the<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">clusterrand routine in Fieldtrip. Unfortunately, in the current<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">wrapper, it seems there is no option for a one-sample T-test?<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">There is<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">an activation-baseline test, and a (in)dependent samples test<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">between<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">two conditions, but what I want to do is simply test whether a 14<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">(subjects) x 275 (channels) matrix is different from zero,<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">taking into<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">account the spatial relations between adjacent sensors. (The data<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">points are regression weights from a multiple-regression<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">analysis, so<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">there's no easy way to split it into two parts.)<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">I assume this should be easy to tweak, but I couldn't come up<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">with any<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">smart ideas how to do it.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Anyone any ideas?<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">I'm afraid that I have to disappoint you, Floris. Your null<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">hypothesis is a<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">typical parametric null hypothesis; the expected value of some<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">(matrix-valued) variable being equal to zero. The null hypothesis<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">that is<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">tested by a nonparametric permutation test is equality across<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">experimental<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">conditions of the probability distribution from which the<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">(condition-specific) data are drawn. Since you have single<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">condition only, I<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">see no way of applying the theory behind nonparametric<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">permutation testing<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">(of the type described by Maris & Oostenveld, 2007) to your data.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">To solve your problem we need a brilliant theoretical insight.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Greetings,<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Eric<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Thanks in advance!<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">Floris<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">----------------------------------<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">The aim of this list is to facilitate the discussion between<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">users of the<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">FieldTrip<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">toolbox, to share experiences and to discuss new ideas for MEG<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">and EEG<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">analysis.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">See also <a href="http://listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html">http://listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html</a> and<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><a href="http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip">http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip</a>.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">----------------------------------<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">The aim of this list is to facilitate the discussion between<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">users of the FieldTrip toolbox, to share experiences and to<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">discuss new ideas for MEG and EEG analysis. See also http://<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html and <a href="http://www.ru.nl/">http://www.ru.nl/</a><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">fcdonders/fieldtrip.<br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">----------------------------------<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">The aim of this list is to facilitate the discussion between users<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">of the FieldTrip toolbox, to share experiences and to discuss new<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">ideas for MEG and EEG analysis. See also <a href="http://listserv.surfnet.nl/">http://listserv.surfnet.nl/</a><br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><blockquote type="cite">archives/fieldtrip.html and <a href="http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip">http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip</a>.<br></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">----------------------------------<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite">The aim of this list is to facilitate the discussion between users of the<br></blockquote>FieldTrip<br><blockquote type="cite">toolbox, to share experiences and to discuss new ideas for MEG and EEG<br></blockquote>analysis.<br><blockquote type="cite">See also <a href="http://listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html">http://listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html</a> and<br></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><a href="http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip">http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip</a>.<br></blockquote><br>----------------------------------<br>The aim of this list is to facilitate the discussion between users of the FieldTrip toolbox, to share experiences and to discuss new ideas for MEG and EEG analysis. See also <a href="http://listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html">http://listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html</a> and <a href="http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip">http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip</a>.<br></div></blockquote></div><br><div apple-content-edited="true"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">************************************************************************************</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Guillaume A. Rousselet, Ph.D.</span></b></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><b style="font-weight: bold; "><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></b></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Lecturer</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><br></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (CCNi)</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Department of Psychology</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><div>Faculty of Information & Mathematical Sciences (FIMS)</div></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">University of Glasgow</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">58 Hillhead Street</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Glasgow, UK</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">G12 8QB</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><br></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">The University of Glasgow, charity number SC004401</div></font></div></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Geneva; "><a href="http://web.me.com/rousseg/GARs_website/">http://web.me.com/rousseg/GARs_website/</a></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; ">Email: </span></font><a href="mailto:g.rousselet@psy.gla.ac.uk">g.rousselet@psy.gla.ac.uk</a></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; ">Fax. +44 (0)141 330 4606</span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; ">Tel. </span></font><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; ">+44 (0)141 330 6652</span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; ">Cell +44 (0)</span></font>791 779 7833</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000EF"><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 239); font-weight: bold; "><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></b></font></div>"no test based upon a theory of probability can by itself<div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">provide any valuable evidence of the truth or falsehood</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">of a hypothesis.</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">But we may look at the purpose of tests from another</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">viewpoint. Without hoping to know whether each separate</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">hypothesis is true or false, we may search for</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">rules to govern our behaviour with regard to them, in</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">following which we insure that, in the long run of</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">experience, we shall not often be wrong."</div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span></span>Neyman J & Pearson E, 1933<div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">************************************************************************************</div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span></div></span> </div><br></div></body></html><p>----------------------------------</p>
<p>The aim of this list is to facilitate the discussion between users of the FieldTrip toolbox, to share experiences and to discuss new ideas for MEG and EEG analysis.</p>
<p> http://listserv.surfnet.nl/archives/fieldtrip.html</p>
<p> http://www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip/</p>